> John Devoldere, ON4UN, in his book, Low Band DXing, 4th 
> ed. on page
> 7-59, suggests that there would be one wire in each side 
> of the
> binocular core to have a two turn winding (4 passes, 2 
> turns).
In manufacturing and in my own Ham life a "turn" is a pass 
through the core. In a binocular core a turn is *generally* 
considered once through and once back, unless the two holes 
are used independently instead of for a common winding.
I started using the word "pass" with employees back in the 
80's when dealing with toroids, as a "pass" through the 
hole. The reason for this is employees would often count the 
wire outside the hole as a turn, but that wire has virtually 
no effect at all on what goes on. It's only the pass through 
the hole that matters.
In an air-wound coil you do not count the start. It is the 
zero turn. In a toroid the very first pass (or start) is a 
turn. It is turn number one.
73 Tom 
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