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Re: [Amps] filament choke

To: "Angel Vilaseca" <avilaseca@bluewin.ch>, <amps@contesting.com>
Subject: Re: [Amps] filament choke
From: "Tom W8JI" <w8ji@w8ji.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2006 05:03:55 -0500
List-post: <mailto:amps@contesting.com>
> Such a large unit is a bit cumbersome.
> Instead of a rod, could the filament choke be wound on a 
> ferrite toroid?
> It would have less flux leakage, be more compact.

I've done that on very large amps.

> How large should the toroid be?

Depends on the core material selected. You have to look at 
flux density at PEAK cathode current and the number of 
bifilar turns. One thing about the open ended rod is the air 
gap in the flux path is so large it is very difficult to 
saturate the core.

> Since it is wound bifilar, the DC magnetic fields of the 
> two windings
> would cancel. So could I use a  say one-inch dia. toroid 
> for a 3 A
> filament current (for a GS 35 B)?

The AC currents for the filament cancel, DC currents from 
the cathode do not. It depends on the peak ampere-turns and 
the core material. I think a 2" diameter 1/2 inch thick 43 
or 65 material would be OK with a single GS-35. Also there 
is the consideration of peak RF voltage from cathode drive 
across the common impedance of the windings. This produces 
an RF current that can be quite high on lower bands. It 
opposes the flux generated by the cathode current on 
negative RF voltage cathode swings, but dominates on 
positive swings of RF cycle when the plate current reaches 
zero amperes. Flux density is not symmetrical through the 
entire RF cycle because of the cathode current.

Many people make a mistake with the GS-35 that adds hum to 
the RF envelope. They use a bifilar filament choke and take 
the cathode from one side of the winding, or they use a 
center tap on the transformer. This superimposes power line 
AC on the bias. A very small amount of AC drop across the 
choke (or worse yet AC from the CT of the transformer) bucks 
and aids the bias with every power line cycle.

The choke, to have a clean amplifier with no envelope 
ripple, has to use a trifilar winding or a separate 
cathode-pin choke that does not carry filament current. The 
separate winding  that carries no filament current has to be 
the cathode DC path. It can be small gauge wire.

73 Tom




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