John asked:
"Is there any simple way to measure the impedance of the ground radial
system as you install them to know when you have enough of them in the
ground?"
Others suggested using a Megger or Hipot tester to measure ground
resistance.
While it is true that one can measure resistance between two rods in the
earth, and from that determine earth conductivity....that wasn't the
question.
The answer to the question is NO.
The answer depends, of course, on whether you intend the ground system to
dissipate
charge, and in the event of a lightning strike, peak current, OR, if you're
looking for a radial field which will be effective as part of an RF antenna.
But in both cases, the DC measurement is either misleading or irrelevant.
If you have radials and rods in the ground, you could measure the resistance
of the ground system, through earth, to a reference ground rod, a known
distance away. When you run a radial and rod system closer to your
reference,
the earth path resistance will go down. But that's because you introduced a
shorter measurement path. Suppose you put in a very effective ground in the
other
direction? The measurement MIGHT see a lower resistance due to the larger
system,
but would that data MEAN anything? I doubt it.
If you're talking about the RF efficiency of a radial system, then the only
way
to do it is to use a field strength meter, or a calibrated receiver using a
known antenna
at a known distance, and take field strength readings as you increase the
ground
system. When you start getting diminishing returns, you can stop adding
radials.
As Dave Robbins said, "WAY, yes. Simple, no."
My answer is, "why bother?"
As a practical matter, you will be limited by resources in constructing the
ground
system. If the price of copper doesn't get you, then the pain in your back
will, as
you install radials. You KNOW you won't pull in 120 of them. You KNOW that
4 isn't
enough, unless elevated. Empirical work done by AT&T in the 1930's, and
reported in
public literature, showed that 16 to 20 radials resulted in field strengths
within 10%
of the results with 120 radials. So plan for 16, and increase from there if
you have
the wire, inclination, and Advil to support the effort.
Measuring the signal will entail use of instrumentation which will either be
relative
in its reading, or will cost you more than the ground system you're testing.
Even to
rent.
n2ea
jimjarvis@ieee.org
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