The tangle of tree roots in woods or forest is a discontinuity. It's an immediate discontinuity if the antenna IS in woods or forest (like mine). A vein of sandy soil that angles into the ground goin
See Richard's quoted table below. Various combinations of the answers to questions below could invalidate the conclusions Richard draws from those figures, or concretely establish them. ** What was t
This may be the nub of it, and it comes apart with our two fairly separate uses. Hams are after sky wave, and local area or even regional groundwave could matter less to most. For those trying to com
Yes. But again, does that mean ANY vertical radiator automatically gets the low angle radiation no matter what? Does this persist for me working Russians on 160, or is it lost. Is the notch correct i
The guy in the helicopter measured pretty much a straight vertical line. The curve in the bottom graph drops 2.5 db by the time it's up 2.5 degrees. Not straight. If helicopter guy was measuring at 5
I believe the question was what happened to the curve if you went out to 30 km and a height of 5 km. To compare with the curve of 2.8 km and a height of 500m. At 2.8 km there is a notch forming, alre
Perhaps a better definition of far field is the point of increasing distance where the shape of a pattern calculated by a near field process quits changing at angles and azimuths of concern. Let's te
A big thank you to Frank, VO1HP, St. Johns, Newfoundland, whose successful version of the L + FCP + short tower is the genesis for this method. FCP refers to the 5/16 wave single wire folded counterp
First, I would like to thank Richard for passing on the information from the helicopter measurements. It was quite non-intuitive to me, and certainly got my attention. Then my intuitive vast over-sim
Hi, Bill, I would add that there is nothing good that can come of having coax pull away from a vertical without a good common mode choking device of some sort. You may get away without it, but if not
"Just DO the common mode choke on any vertical. Don't tempt Murphy." I stand by my comments. I find after some interesting conversations that readers of posts often read as if written to them. So I w
Interspersed. I see K4XS as still being in the general case. That is because a wavelength on 160 is 539 feet. He wound up going up 55 feet (a separate TopBand thread) or 0.10 (a tenth) of a wavelengt
I have not personally seen work to validate signal strength and prove the mechanics of arrival at various altitudes at 50 km. Tons of speculation, extrapolation. NEC4 says that it doesn't continue. B
Wouldn't that have corresponded to the FCC's reduction in "clear-channel" strategies, and more local market driven commercial agendas? When I was a kid in the early 50's I got a QSL card from WOAI an
I stand by my remarks. This still does not substitute for the lack of confirming data at farther distances. If there is data contradicting NEC4 out at distances like 50 km, bring it on. We would all
The AIM 4170 (and probably some others) allows you to calibrate THROUGH filters and coax, etc, to the far side. That way a high pass filter in front of the unit is completely transparent, and you can
Bounces would mean the list serve robot being told your address was not valid, inbox was full, that kind of thing. If your ISP has a inbox limit, and you have travel intervals where you can't empty i
Very kind, and flattering, but... I'm really NOT expecting to be the loudest guy. There is no reason for me to expect that. But I AM in play. My station, including the antenna wire + FCP, IS "working
Pretty much, the MODEL says that the low angle stays the same, and you fill in the high angles. No loss to DX. Why bother? According to NEC4, my antenna plays better than it should. One of the intere