----- Original Message -----
From: "Richard Fry" <rfry@adams.net>
To: <topband@contesting.com>
Sent: Saturday, May 05, 2012 6:33 PM
Subject: Re: Topband: Fwd: radals fer 160m vertcal
> Carl KM1H wrote [sic]:
>
>>Ive copied US BCB stations as far inland as Chicago in the far eastern
>>Meditaranean. Id be curious what the propagation mode was and if sky wave
>>how many hops?
>
> It certainly wasn't by their ground/surface wave, but their skywave.
>
> As to how many hops that took, please note that it would take fewer hops
> to
> produce a useful field intensity downrange for the relatively high fields
> radiated by a vertical monopole at very low elevation angles than for the
> lower fields radiated toward higher elevation angles, which higher angles
> also would require more hops to reach the distant receive site.
>
> Each multi-hop reflection incurs additional loss, so taken together, this
> leads to a conclusion that the best reception results are based on
> radiation
> from the transmitting antenna at very low elevation angles.
While another theory holds that at a common grayline on some paths it is
more likely that a high angle lobe enters a duct of some kind and exits at
the far end
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UR RST IS ... ... ..9 QSB QSB - hw? BK
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