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Re: [TowerTalk] Measure / Check phase difference between two antennas?

To: towertalk@contesting.com
Subject: Re: [TowerTalk] Measure / Check phase difference between two antennas?
From: David Gilbert <ab7echo@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 16:12:08 -0700
List-post: <mailto:towertalk@contesting.com>

I've been interested for some time in tracking the arrival angle of DX signals, and in the past I've used the audio output of the two phase locked receivers in my Elecraft K3 fed into a 2-channel oscilloscope application via the stereo line input of the sound card on my computer.  Just trigger on one channel and look at the delay for the other channel.  It worked ... sort of ... and it works because phase is preserved in the down conversion from RF to audio.

But with the availability of coding agents like Claude or Codex, I'm now working on a browser app that does FFTs on the audio inputs from the phase locked receivers, uses better algorithms to determine the phase angle, and plots the result over time as a scrolling display. It has a "phase calibration" slider to zero out phase differences in the to coax runs, and will compute and plot the arrival angle once you tell it the RF frequency and how far the antennas are apart.  It will also have the ability to switch between elevation angle and azimuth angle depending upon how the two  antennas are arranged.  Of course the "phase calibration" to get absolute values for angle would only work if you provide a signal source midway between the two antennas, but otherwise it is still interesting to be able to see the time varying relative value.

It isn't completely ready yet but should be soon.  It has given accurate results when using signals from a 2-channel RF signal generator with the ability to vary the relative phase.

The reason I mention it now is that in testing it with the two antennas being my 2 element Shorty-40 positioned about 10 feet above my tribander (four elements on 20m and 15m, eight on 10m) I've noticed very large swings in the phase difference using WWV at 10 MHz.   I used a very narrow passband (100 Hz) on the K3 in order to mostly eliminate the modulation.  I theorized that the yagis, due to having parasitic elements, introduce their own phase delay that may be different depending upon the arrival angle of the signal, and since the two antennas are significantly dissimilar the amount of antenna-induced phase difference is likely different and indeterminate.   My two antennas have not been pointed at WWV.  I queried ChatGPT on this, and it rather strongly confirmed it as being likely.

I honestly don't know how equivalent the phase difference contributed solely by the antennas would be for two different yagis pointed at the desired signal, or if it would be different for different arrival angles even if the were pointed in the right dirrection, or even if it would be different for two identical antennas at different heights due to ground interactions.  Maybe EZNEC could tell us that but I haven't looked into that yet.

By the way, if anyone should happen to be interested, the app will be just some HTML and JavaScript to run in any modern browser and it will be free.  Maybe I'll accept donations.  ;)  It will need a rig with two receivers that can be phased locked.  Or maybe just use the SDRPlay RSPduo ($300) with the SDRuno app (free) that can pretty much do everything by itself, and might even work my my future app for plotting results over time.

Sorry for rambling on but I thought the part about capturing phase from different antennas might be relevant.

73,
Dave   AB7E



On 3/10/2026 2:25 PM, Jim Lux wrote:
This would assume you get enough signal to show on an oscilloscope at your 
frequency of interest. And that there's no interference. Or you've got a narrow 
band filter (matched) on both legs.
Some tens of millivolts, perhaps, which is ~ -30 dBm.
Just as an example, if you have a 1 Watt source, 10 km away, at 15 MHz, and 
isotropes on both ends, you'll be receiving -48 dBm.
If you have a Yagi with 8 dBi gain, ok you're at -40 dBm.
And your source could be 1 km away, that would get you to -20 dBm.


You could also use any of a variety of two channel SDRs that have phase coherence. (many don't 
- it  they use a different LO synthesizer for each channel, so there's an ambiguity in 
the "startup phase" of the synthesizer)


On Tue, 10 Mar 2026 12:05:24 -0600, Jim Rhodes<jimk0xu@gmail.com> wrote:

Best method would be a O-scope with H input to ant 1 and V input to ant 2.
Use feedline, identical length and characteristics. Feed the same low
level signal to both antennas with whatever switching you have available.
If your signals are in phase you are perfectly in phase. At the
feedpoints, if the feedpoints are equidistant from the boom. However I bet
they aren't. Cheap way. Low level signal again to both antennas use a
remote receiver at a comfortable distance. O-scope again will show 2
superimposed sine waves out of phase if they are not in phase. Now turn
the antennas to a new heading 90 degrees in same direction. I bet the
results will be different. To the dx they are going to be phased at some
random angle. Different dx, different angle. Worth the trouble? Probably
not, unless there is on heading you want to favor. BTW you can tell the
phase difference by the fraction of the wavelength difference. To tell
which signal is which add a few feet of feedline to 1 antenna.

Jim K0XU
jim@rhodesend.net





On Tue, Mar 10, 2026, 10:29 George Fremin III  wrote:

I have posed this question to a number of people over the last few years -
and I have gotten some interesting ideas but I am not sure any of them have
provided a simple or repeatable way of making such a measurement. I have
not tried any of they yet but I think I am getting to that point.

So, I thought I would cast a larger net.

On the simple side of things - if I have two antennas - lets say verticals
at some distance from each other with coax coming from them is there some
way to measure the phase difference? Could I get some value out so that I
know how much delay I need to add to one to get them in phase for a given
signal?

Or lets say I have two yagis on a tower fed with coax and I would like to
verify they are in phase or at least close - can I measure this in some way?

What if I have say a 48 foot boom 10m yagi and a 24 ft boom 10m yagi on a
tower at 60ft over 30ft. If there a way for me to measure the phase
difference?

The last question is a real use case - and on the air use of this antenna
seems to show that I might have lucked into these antennas being in phase -
at least they work better together for EU and the USA. But it would be
nice to repeat this luck or measure it.

It would be nice if this did not require $100k in test equipment.


George Fremin III
K5TR

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