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[AMPS] In diodes we trust

To: <amps@contesting.com>
Subject: [AMPS] In diodes we trust
From: measures@vc.net (Rich Measures)
Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1999 10:34:04 -0700


>
>On Thu, 29 Jul 1999 09:27:48 +0100 Peter Chadwick
><Peter_Chadwick@mitel.com> writes:
>>Marv says:
>>
>>>After that time, all the diodes will return to their blocking state
>>>and will share the reverse voltage...  
>>
>>In inverse proportion to their individual capacities......which for
>>rectifier diodes are not usually controlled.
>>
>
>
>On Thu, 29 Jul 1999 08:32:43 -0400 "Tom Rauch" <w8ji@contesting.com>
>writes:
>>Now let's see if we can sort through the rectifier thing in an equally 
>>professional manner.
>>
>>> >After that time, all the diodes will return to their blocking state
>>> >and will share the reverse voltage...  
>>
>>It appears Peter and I have the same question. What mechanism 
>>is it that causes this "shared reverse voltage"? My concern is 
>>some of the statements made in the Motorola Rectifier and Diode 
>>Handbook that seem to conflict with the idea the diodes won't 
>>suffer increased failure if voltage doesn't happen to divide equally.
>>
>>So maybe someone can explain, hopefully in a nice sane way, why 
>>the voltage divides equally.
>>
>
>On Thu, 29 Jul 1999 07:30:04 -0700 Rich Measures <measures@vc.net>
>writes:
>
>>  It seems to me that there are two things that are being 
>>overlooked:   
>>1.  The division of the reverse potential is controlled by the avalanche
>
>>voltages of all the diodes in a series string. .  2.  The capacitance 
>>of a P/N junction is not fixed, but decreases considerably as reverse 
>>potential increases.  
>>>
>
>Good Morning (at least here in California) Peter, Tom & Rich, and diode
>fanciers everywhere,
>
>   Keeping in mind my previous caveat limiting this discussion to 60 Hz
>operation... and neglecting the contribution of any stray inductances...

?  yes

>1.  The capacitances which are already smallish at 60Hz, though
>uncontrolled as Peter commented and varying over perhaps a 5-1 range,
>plus diminishing with inverse voltage, as Rich notes, reduce to a level
>where they become a secondary factor in real world voltage division.
>
?  indeed. 

>2.  The reverse leakage current, which may vary over a 100-1 range, at
>rated PIV in a non-avalanche part, as distinct from the well controlled
>reverse breakdown of an avalanche diode, will be the determining factor
>in reverse voltage sharing.

?  agreed
>
>  In a real world string, more voltage will be sustained across the
>"better" (lower leakage) diodes and less across the "worse" (higher
>leakage) parts.  This is somewhat self equalizing in practice since as
>the applied inverse voltage approaches the rated value there is an upward
>knee in the leakage current. 
>
>
>   Therefore, as long as the diodes in a string are reasonably of the
>same pedigree (same manufacturer & vintage), matched in the field by
>diode trainers or happenstance, they will tend to share the inverse
>voltage, allow marginal engineering to escape into the world, and
>engender lengthy globalwide discussion as to why it seemingly works in
>practice.  :-)

?  I would add that, at 60Hz, the reverse currents in each diode in a 
string are always equal provided that no "equalizers" are used.  
>......
>
>  Whether a particular string of diodes works long and reliably or
>self-destructs in a fiery display will ultimately depend on whether any
>of the individual parts undergoes permanent breakdown at its particular
>reverse operating point.  This is a problematic situation with
>non-matched, unequalized, non-avalanche rated diodes which are NEVER
>supposed to be operated above their PIV rating.  A string might work for
>hundreds of hours and then (does this sound familiar): "just explode for
>no apparent reason".
>
>
>  In order of advisability, the current state of the art seems to favor
>using avalanche rated parts in strings.  Matching non-avalanche diodes
>would be the second choice, and incorporating equalizing components with
>unmatched diodes would be the third option.
>
>
>73,
>   Marv  WC6W



Rich...

R. L. Measures, 805-386-3734, AG6K, www.vcnet.com/measures  


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