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[TowerTalk] Diffraction Reciprocity

To: towertalk@contesting.com
Subject: [TowerTalk] Diffraction Reciprocity
From: Chris Wendling <cpwendling@yahoo.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Nov 2007 06:50:33 -0800 (PST)
List-post: <mailto:towertalk@contesting.com>
Well, why not wade into this interesting topic? Would have sooner, but  spent 
most of the weekend working the SS CW contest with W8RJL's group  under the 
K4IX call.
  Had a clean sweep and had a blast!
  
  Let me put my 2 cents in by proposing a simple thought experiment.
  At the local transmitting antenna, a radio wave is emitted which spreads out.
  
  Were the transmitting antenna an isotropic radiator in free space, the  wave 
front would  remain spherical in shape as it spreads.   In our case, the wave 
still spreads out,  not exactly spherical,  but nonetheless it has a curved 
wave front, who's radius of curvature  generally decreases as it moves away 
from the antenna. This wavefront  can reflect and diffract from the surrounding 
physical environment,  setting up a pattern of waves with destructive and 
constructive  "interference", depending on the wave phases from the reflections 
and  diffractions. These interference patterns are ingeniously employed by  
hams with yagi's to modify the radiated power pattern to their  advantage, 
proving gain in the direction of interest along with other  advantages.
  
 Now, consider a far away transmitter, sending a  similar frequency signal to 
our local antenna.   In this  case, as the radio waves approach our local 
antenna, the wave front  radius of curvature is VERY much less than the radius 
of curvature that  our local antenna emitted towards the local diffracting 
objects.   Because of this, the times of arrival  of the wavefront to those  
diffracting objects will be different, and the resultant wave phasings  will be 
different.
 As we all know, if the phasing of the wave  fronts arriving at the antenna are 
different, the constructive and  destructive wave interference patterns must 
also be different.  Therefore, I have a problem believing that "reciprocity" 
can exist in a  diffracting environment when the geometries are not symmetrical.
  I'm sure this will further fan the discussion rather than resolve it,  as 
these issues are seldom settled in this kind of communications  environment; 
perhaps reciprocity doesn't exist on Internet reflectors  either! But remember: 
Just some food for thought, and have fun with  it!  
  Respectfully submitted,
  CW, AI4MI
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