| That was Rudy's earlier work, on the basis of which I rigged at 4-5 ft. 
Their efficiency was poor. I consulted N6BT, who has also done extensive 
work on radials for his expeditions, who gave the advice quoted below. 
When I raised them t 16-20 ft, my signal got louder. Tom was right, Rudy 
was not. 
73, Jim K9YC
 On 12/3/2022 3:00 PM, Artek Manuals wrote:
 If you read N6LF's work closely (see fig16 in 3/2012 QEX) you will see 
that radial height above 5' adds a few 10ths of a db improvement at 
most. (8ft =.015 wavelength above ground) Given noise and QSB on 160 
hardly worth the effort ..IMO.  Ditto on the number of radials more than 
4 at a reasonable (8') height buys very little as well. What is actually 
more important is soil conductivity  Rich farm loam vs sandy Florida 
(Fig 15)  is worth 5DB !!! I cant imagine trying to keep sixteen 134' 
radials 20 feet in the air !
Another good read on elevated radials ( non resonant radials) that 
doesn't get much play is by K5IU, "Optimal Elevated Radial Vertical 
Antennas" , Communication Qrtly, spring 1997. If Google is not your 
friend contact me off list and I will send you a copy. 
Dave NR1DX
On 12/3/2022 2:17 PM, Jim Brown wrote:
 
On 12/3/2022 10:20 AM, Chuck Dietz wrote:
 
Thanks for the info. I think I am going with 60 radials on the ground. I
want to use the 160 vertical tower to support an 80 meter array 
around it.
Elevated radials might make adjustments way more complicated.
 
It's worth studying N6LF's work on elevated radials. He stresses that 
keeping radial currents equal reduces loss, that making them slightly 
shorter than resonant helps that, and so does having MORE elevated 
radials -- for example, 8 is better than four. From N6BT, I learned 
that elevated radials for 160M should be at least 16-20 ft high; I 
learned that when I asked him why my 4 ft high radials weren't working 
well. 
 
I have a
tractor and a good welder guy to weld a bracket and tube to a single 
plow 
shear to make a radial plow.
 
Remember that the only virtue of burying radials is to protect them 
from damage, or from being a trip hazard. We are NOT trying to couple 
the antenna to the earth. The function of radials is to SHIELD the 
field produced by the antenna from the lossy earth, and to provide a 
low resistance path for the antenna's return current IN PLACE OF THE 
LOSSY EARTH. 
Radials DO couple to the earth, and the ground loss shows up as series 
resistance. But radial current divides by the number of radials, power 
loss is I-squared R, so gets smaller in each radial twice as fast as 
the number of radials is increased, so more radials reduces loss. 
73, Jim K9YC
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