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[TowerTalk] Wetting Your Relay Contacts

To: towertalk@contesting.com
Subject: [TowerTalk] Wetting Your Relay Contacts
From: Leeson <leeson@earthlink.net>
Reply-to: leeson@earthlink.net
Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2025 17:36:15 -0800
List-post: <mailto:towertalk@contesting.com>
Along with your tower and antennas, you have relays and connectors, perhaps with a rotator, a directional antenna switch or even a remote station. There’s a common but difficult-to-diagnose problem you may experience with these.

Many years ago, Dave Pruett, K8CC (SK) was working for Chrysler-Jeep, and he mentioned to me that auto manufacturers specified a minimum current to maintain the contacts in every switch, relay or connector, typically 10 mA. Without this current, there is potential for surface oxide or sulfide to develop on the contacts, resulting in a failure and safety risk. Sadly, Dave became SK in 2020, see https://www.qrz.com/db/k8cc and http://hamgallery.com/Tribute/K8CC/

He told me those with a maintaining current level were termed “wet contacts” while those with too little (or no) current were called “dry contacts.” This came back to mind as I’ve recently experienced a spate of relay and connector failures, all of which were situations without a “wetting current” (also termed “fritting current”).

I refurbished my old IC-730 for my grandson who recently upgraded, and both the T/R relay and the preamp relay weren’t working on receive. ICOM’s bulletin suggests adding resistors to provide a wetting current for the preamp relay, and I made a similar fix for the T/R relay. Then I had a failure in my remote antenna rotating system, which I finally traced to a dry contact failure in the RJ45 connector on the cable that included a wire to the solid-state relay that controls the rotator primary power. With the dominance today of CMOS circuits that don’t need input current, it seems this problem has become more common with control circuits, as well.

Cleaning the contacts with contact cleaner or a mild abrasive can temporarily fix things, but the problem can return without a real wetting current. In addition to providing this small current through resistors, there is a suggestion to discharge a capacitor through relay contacts on closing. Some relays have wiping contacts, which can help remove surface contamination. Apparently, even 1 mA is enough to do the job. I hope this alert can be useful.

Online references include these:
“Wetting current,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetting_current;
P-T de Boer, PA3FWM, “Relay contacts and ‘fritting’"
https://www.pa3fwm.nl/technotes/tn17a.html;
“Wetting Current,” https://resources.pcb.cadence.com/blog/2023-wetting-current; D. McCarty, “Wetting or Sealing Current,” https://www.isemag.com/columnist/article/14266765/wetting-or-sealing-current.

For the ICOM upgrades, see A. Copland, GM1SXX, “IC-730_relay_fix.txt, “ www.f6hoy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/IC-730_relay_fix.pdf and "Preamp Relay Circuit Modification for IC-730" on mods.dk.

Dave, W6NL/HC8L

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