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Re: [TowerTalk] Rotator Lightning Protection

To: towertalk@contesting.com
Subject: Re: [TowerTalk] Rotator Lightning Protection
From: "Roger (K8RI) on TT" <K8RI-on-TowerTalk@tm.net>
Date: Sat, 16 May 2015 20:09:01 -0400
List-post: <towertalk@contesting.com">mailto:towertalk@contesting.com>
Some things to remember when disconnecting antennas and stations. Never, ever, leave the coax laying on the floor. Best is to bring it in through a grounded plate which is a Common point ground (CPG) and ground the center conductor as well at that point.

When disconnected coax is laying on the shack floor, you have a very long antenna which includes the feed line stuck up into the storm with one end not far from equipment and possibly your feet.

It's a very dangerous practice! Either ground the coax (shield and center) conductor, or water proof it (plastic bag, rubber band ) and put it outside with the end of the coax pointed up. Under the house is almost as bad as on the floor.

I'll repeat what I've seen over many thousands and a wide range of Varistor sizes. There is no guarantee that MOVs will fail shorted. Their life is measured in Joule capacity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule . When properly sized, they may live a long life with many small events, or one larger event may do the job. MOVs, or a Metal Oxide Varistor is made up of many tiny metal oxide grains of different types forming, diodes randomly packed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varistor

In NORMAL use where they protect from small voltage spikes like we see on power lines in day to day operation. Each event degrades the varistor (again see the link to Varistor) each non catastrophic event lowers the clamping voltage a bit depending on the energy of the event (in Joules). Non typical events are induced voltage spikes from nearby lightening strikes (or direct hits). NOTE a typical lightening strike a mile distant can induce as much as 1000 volts per meter in a piece of wire. Following the inverse square law, a half mile = 4 KV, a quarter mile = 16 Kv, etc. I goes up to very large numbers from there on. With each halving you square the previous number. Those are for "typical" strikes. Many strikes can be far greater and then there are the "super strikes". Any single event larger than the ultimate rating of the varistor will likely destroy the varistor. Events close to the ultimate rating are likely to cause an open circuit failure and may leave the varistor in tact. The same is true for varistors that are near the end of life, that experience a single event that exceeds the remaining capacity.

One thing lightening is not, is consistent. Watch the video in the link with 1 second slowed to 6 minutes. It's the insert on the left side of the page. Open it to full screen. Of the many cycles there is one "long duration" event https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Lightening+super+strikes&ia=videos&iai=W9xzU0xjlhE or do your own search. There are a number of slow motion lightening strike videos on "The Net"

When using varistors, plan on a safety margin. There is no such thing as 100% protection, particularly from direct hits, but following "good grounding practices" and using proven safe practices and protective equipment will minimize the likelihood of taking damage. There comes a point where it costs a lot to make additional small gains and it quickly becomes cost prohibitive to try for more. OTOH you can, for a relatively reasonable cost build a system that will reduce the odds of taking significant damage to a rarity. Even with the odds in your favor you may safely go for years or get wiped out with the next storm.

73

Roger  (K8RI)

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