All of that is explained in any Amateur Radio Handbook for the past 40 or more years. It is way too detailed to go into here. Besides a few pictures and circuits are worth thousands of words of hot air! GL...Carl KM1H -- FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampfaq.html Submissions: amps@contesting.com Administrative requests: amps-REQUEST@contesting.com Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com