Bill, I usually use the 3 time rule for tubing overlap, 3 times the diameter so a 2" tube needs about 6" overlap and smaller ones, less. 73, Joe, W1JR -- FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/FAQ/topband Submissions: topband@contesting.com Administrative requests: topband-REQUEST@contesting.com Problems: owner-topband@contesting.com