Topband: Monopole Elev Pattern w.r.t. Earth Conductivity

[Tom W8JI]

> For DX we are interested in elevation angles from 3-15 degrees. How much 
> error is there in a NEC model of a monopole at these elevations?
>
> Dave WX7G

The issue here is one of measurement distance and the assumed flat earth, 
and how much the ground wave contributes to low angle radiation. We 
obviously know radiation at zero degrees is not zero, as distant models 
show.

I'm not sure anyone has actually measured wave angle of typical signals, or 
actually measured how much very low angle fields contribute to the low angle 
radiation.

Without measurements, we don't have solid theory. We have postulation, even 
if based on science.

73 Tom