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[Towertalk] Balloon antenna/tower

To: <towertalk@contesting.com>
Subject: [Towertalk] Balloon antenna/tower
From: ccc@space.mit.edu (Chuck Counselman)
Date: Sun, 3 Nov 2002 00:42:23 -0500
At 3:50 PM -0800 10/31/02, Ted Bohrer wrote:
>...So here's the hairbrained scheme...
>I float a Happy Birthday helium balloon 30 - 40 ' up holding a 
>vertical wire antenna which is tied to my rear bumper (but not while 
>driving).
>...So if this contraption is to work, how long should the antenna 
>wire be at 14.200?


I've experimented with balloon-lifted antennas, and also done some 
modeling.  The simple (without loading or phasing sections) base-fed 
vertical antenna having the best power gain toward the horizon has a 
height of 5/8ths wavelength.  I'll leave it to you to calculate the 
wavelength for f = 14.2 MHz.  My mental calculation says that your 
vertical should be about 43 feet tall.

The driving-point impedance of this vertical is negative-imaginary, 
in other words capacitive, about like a 1/8th-wavelength vertical 
whip; but the resistive component is much greater, maybe around 90 
ohms IIRC, although my memory is shaky.  If your rig (or its antenna 
tuner) can match an 8-ft. whip, it can probably match a 5/8ths-wave 
vertical.

The tricky part is keeping the wire vertical!  Verticality matters, 
because a 5/8ths-wave wire has gain perpendicular to the wire, and if 
the wire slopes much, your gain will be pointed the wrong way.  The 
slightest breeze will carry the balloon(s) downwind.  Use balloons 
with a total volume of at least 6 cu.ft., preferably more, and keep 
the antenna light.  I suggest using lightweight synthetic fiber 
string (for strength), with very light wire loosely twisted around it 
and tied to it every few feet with dental floss.  IIRC, I used 7x40 
Litz wire because it provided higher RF conductance per unit weight, 
but you could get by with (say) 26-gauge stranded wire.  The wire 
should be so light that the string is necessary for strength.

The way to keep the wire vertical is to attach two or three very 
lightweight lines (like fishing line) to the balloon and run them to 
ground like guy wires, to keep the balloon from going anywhere 
horizontally.

What this has to do with towers is that a balloon-lifted wire can be 
used to extend the top of a tower electrically, so it becomes 
feasible to make (say) a 5/8ths-wavelength vertical for 160 meters. 
If you tether the balloon to the ground, you'll have trouble with the 
wind running it into trees.  The tower gets you above the trees.

Finally, be sure to have the antenna grounded for DC.  The wire can 
pick up quite an electrostatic charge in the breeze, and you can get 
seriously jolted.  Of course you'll be far from electric power wires.

73 de Chuck, W1HIS


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