[TenTec] ground wave Mode? How to know?

[Stuart Rohre]

Another sure sign of ground wave over sky wave modes, is that daytime D
layer absorption of signals gives you assurance that for a given frequency
that would be absorbed, something you hear during the day is ground wave.

Most of the ducted modes have a particular "sound" to them that can be
identified by the experienced operator.   Refer to any good propagation text
for more info.   The ARRL Handbook has had some good info on propagation
modes over the years.   The RSGB Handbook also.
Stuart Rohre
K5KVH