TopBand: OK1RI on his 160 Delta Loops (long)
K3BU
K3BU@aol.com
Mon, 6 Apr 1998 11:56:30 EDT
During my last operation in WPX SSB on 160 m I have noticed very solid and
strong signal from OK1RI on 160. He was in all band cat., but when he was on
160, it really stood out. I knew they were fooling around with loops and
wanted to know what were they using. Here is his answer, I hope it will be of
interest to others. (Just to add fuel to the loop vs. rest fire.)
de OK1RI:
I respond to the discussion on vertically polarized deltaloops on ANT-modeling
reflector. I respond here since I feel it might be interesting to wider forum
and as I have seen the "talking" audience is THE SAME
We (me + OK1RF) have done a lot of experimenting with 1, 2, 3 el. deltaloops,
both parasitic and phased-design during last 20 years. You can hear us with
those antennas on 80 since about 1980. Also under the call of OK5R in 80s.
Since this winter also on 160m.
Here are some remarks:
1.We have not found practical and simple way how to feed satisfactorily single
element delta-loop. The in resonance impedance is always well over 100 Ohms.
It can be of course transformed down by some cable 1/4 W.L. but......
2.Delta loops are very very sensitive to height of the long bottom wire above
the ground. For DX operation the bottom wire should not be higher than 4m. As
a rule of thumb on 80m you can expect that the resonant frequency will move
down about 100 kHz with each meter of height (going down).
3.the system is not sensitive to exact shape of the loop.
4.the radiation pattern is very sensitive to the position of feeding point. We
have done in late 80s some field strength measurement with calibrated receiver
and remote TX (about 5 - 10 km). The lowest angle of radiation was achieved
when the feeding point is exactly 1/4 wavelength from the APEX. Also OK1DIM
(while working in 1980s on "INTERCOSMOS" program) has done some experimental
work on models somewhere over 500 MHz - equipped with professional means and
he has came to the same results. The optimal real-life height of APEX of such
an antenna is 0.2-0.25 W.L. It should not be higher. If higher than much much
more (well over 0.5 W.L.) and fed horizontally i.e. from the TOP or middle of
the bottom.
5.two elements can be easily adjusted to exactly 50 or 75 Ohm + 0j. Just
change a bit length of D.E. or REFL or their separation.
6.the performance is influenced (quite a lot) by the tower it hangs from and
the influence might be both positive and negative, see the AO model and play
with the position and size of the tower.
7.the loops should be fully vertical if you do not have enough space do not
try to put them under some angle from the tower - you are going to destroy the
vertical pattern. Make the bottom section bent - see the model.
I have pasted here an AO file of our current system on 160m as modeled, you
can paste them out to AO and play with it. The real life measurement - only
impedance - was always in "good" or better to say "reasonable" accordance with
the model, 160m system as described when realized was resonant on 1780 kHz,
and had to be shorted a little. The projected impedance was 50 Ohm + 0j, the
measured one after the shorting was 74 + 1j !!!!!, which made us most happy
and we just changed 50 Ohm cable to 75 Ohm one and that was it. Of course the
loops are not above the completely ideal flat land and they are huge and the
terrain is sloping, on the tower is a monster full size 4Y YAGI for 40m
so......
As final remark I would say that those antennas work very well (as would Frank
W3LPL say) but, it is a lot of work to adjust them for proper operation. Also
be prepared that if you have 160m ant. and forget reflectometer connected to
it while transmitting to any other antenna on any band nearby the
reflectometer will change with a lot of smoke into a piece of carbon.
Delta Loop Beam - 2 el Brezina - more-less as it is in the reality.
over ground
1.835 MHz
14 copper wires, meters
hd = 34.5 ; Apex height of D.E.
hr = 42 ; Apex height of refl.
c = 163.4 ; D.E. circumference
kr = 1.041 ; koeficient relative to D.E.
cr = c * kr ; reflector circumference
alpha = 45.5 ; half angle at the top - D.E.
alphar = 40 ; half angle at the top - REF.
xd = 25.5 ; driven el. shift from center
xr = -1 ; reflector shift from center
pd = 35 ; horizontal part of lower sect. D.E.
qd = -6 ; how much pd lower compared to angle D.E.
pr = 34
qr = -7
y3 = c/4 * sin(alpha) ; y of feedpoint
z3 = hd - c/4 * cos(alpha) ; z of feedpoint
xr3 = xd
zr3 = z3
y5 = c/4 * (1 - sin(alpha))/(1 + 1/sin(alpha)) ; y of the low corner
y1 = y3 + y5 ; Half-length of D.E. horizontal wire
z1 = hd - y1 * cos(alpha)/sin(alpha) ; Height of D.E. horizontal wire
xr1 = xd
zr1 = z1
y2 = cr/4 * (sin(alphar) + (1 - sin(alphar))/(1 + 1/sin(alphar)))
; 1/2 of ref horizontal wire
z2 = hr - y2 * cos(alphar)/sin(alphar) ; Height of D.E. horizontal wire
zr2 = z2
xr2 = xr
y7 = pd/2 ; y of lower sect. D.E.
zr7 = zr1 - qd ; z of lower sect. D.E.
y6 = pr/2 ; y of lower sect. REF
zr6 = zr2 - qr ; z of lower sect. REF
1 xd 0 hd xr3 -y3 zr3 #12 ; Driven element
1 xr3 -y3 zr3 xr1 -y1 zr1 #12
1 xd 0 hd xr1 y1 zr1 #12
1 xr1 -y1 zr1 xr1 -y7 zr1 #12
1 xr1 -y7 zr1 xr1 0 zr7 #12
1 xr1 0 zr7 xr1 y7 zr1 #12
1 xr1 y7 zr1 xr1 y1 zr1 #12
1 xr 0 hr -xr2 -y2 zr2 #12 ; Reflector
1 xr 0 hr -xr2 y2 zr2 #12
1 -xr2 -y2 zr2 -xr2 -y6 zr2 #12
1 -xr2 -y6 zr2 -xr2 0 zr6 #12
1 -xr2 0 zr6 -xr2 y6 zr2 #12
1 -xr2 y6 zr2 -xr2 y2 zr2 #12
1 0 0 0 0 0 42 1.5 ; influence of the tower
1 source
Wire 1, end2
Have a lot of fun !73 !
Jiri OK1RI jirka@jimaz.cz
P.S. I hope it is a public answer to K3BU, VE3BMV question.
de K3BU/VE3BMV p.s.:
I have used single Delta Loop on 80 from P40A. It was fed about .25 wavelength
from the top. I was able to bring the 50 ohm impedance by adjusting the height
of the bottom horizontal wire from the ground and by slightly (within abt 5
ft) moving the feedpoint up or down. It was suspended vertically abt 3 ft from
the (50ft?) tower, bottom abt 4 ft above ground, triangle stretched to
maintain symmetrical shape.
73 de Yuri, K3BU, VE3BMV
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